All types of learning are converted into limbic knowledge with zeid factor in the Papez Circuit of brain before memory processing

Cinema is defined as motion picture and it is a great source of entertainment. We watch movies in the theater and moving pictures are projected on the screen with sound like talking voice, dialogues, songs and music. The cinema is the art of simulating experiences to communicate ideas, stories, perceptions, feelings, beauty or atmosphere by the means of recorded or programmed moving images along with other sensory stimulations. This is a series of still images that create the illusion of moving images when shown on the screen.

Individual images that make up a film are called frames . In the projection of traditional celluloid films, a rotating shutter causes intervals of darkness as each frame is moved into position to be projected, but the viewer does not notice interruptions because of an effect known as persistence of vision. In this effect, the eye retains a visual image for a fraction of second after its source disappears. The perception of motion happens due to the psychological effect called the phi phenomenon.

Highlights :

• Cingulate cortex is the main part of limbic system.
• Zeid factors of learning mechanism are processed for knowledge transfer.
• Papez Circuit is true circuit for emotional processing and knowledge transfer.
• Cinema watching is processed in the Papez Circuit of brain.

Why are we so much connected to the characters, dialogues, behavioral acting, tragedy and places of the film?

Which parts of our brain become activated during film watching to experience the real perception of life and happenings?

We know that the film watching is not real and this is the projection of moving images integrated with sound system. Actors have played distinguished characters and highly emotional scenes are prepared with special graphic effects. It is fact that cinema watching runs on the brainpage theory of instance guided object learning (IGOL). It is powerful to produce zeid factors in the Papez Circuit of brain that can provide the strong connections of emotions and attachments to the segments and modules of particular film.

In the theater, we believe that the events of film projection are real happenings. Sometimes we laugh on comedy or weep during the watching of pathetic scenes. Where is reality and why do we attach much to film, music, songs or videos? It happens due to the strong connectivity of emotions that is produced by the limbic circuits of brain. It is also true that we can apply the mechanism of emotion connectivity in the knowledge transfer of school system.

Knowledge is transferred to brain through the different circuits of modulation. School system provides quality education and learning is consolidated in the memory circuit of brain. In fact, school is the place of knowledge transfer which runs in the learning mechanism of brain.

Declarative memory refers to knowledge memories that are consciously recalled as the episodes of life. It depends primarily on medial temporal lobe, amygdala and hippocampus. Procedural memory refers to the memories that are responsible for learning and remembering cognitive and motor skills. It depends primarily on the basal ganglia and cerebellum of brain.

Knowledge transfer is initialized in the primary cortex of brain but it is analyzed and rationalized in association cortex. Then cognitive knowledge is projected to the limbic circuit of cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and diencephalon. This is the Papez Circuit of limbic system where cognitive knowledge is emotionalized to form limbic knowledge for the generation of zeid factors.

These zeid factors of limbic knowledge are projected to the memory circuit of amygdala to encode the learning of knowledge transfer for consolidation. Learnographic circuit runs in basal ganglia where limbic knowledge is processed into motor knowledge. Cerebellar learnography runs in the zeid circuit of cerebellum in which motor knowledge is modulated with space, object, time, instance and module to increase the efficiency of working mechanism.

Zeid factor is emotionally charged decision that is projected to amygdala for the learning and memory of knowledge transfer. The triangular neural circuit of parahippocampal gyrus, diencephalon and cingulate gyrus is known as the limbic circuit of knowledge transfer in which all types of learning inputs are converted into limbic knowledge for the amygdala processing of zeid factors. Cingulate cortex is responsible for the generation of zeid factor that is projected to amygdala for the emotional processing of learning and memory.

Amygdala is a brain structure lying underneath the uncus of temporal lobe. It is primarily involved in the learning factors of life and regulates various stages of memory formation in other brain regions, such as hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. It is also associated with the consolidation and retrieval of emotional memories.

The structures of medial temporal lobe including hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and perirhinal cortex in conjunction with amygdala play a pivotal role in declarative memory formation, memory consolidation and contextual fear memory formation. In addition, the amygdala influences the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to release stress hormones that subsequently regulate memory consolidation as well as storage in cerebellum, sensory neocortex, and medial temporal lobe.

Besides memory consolidation, retrieval of contextual memory is also regulated by the interplay between amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Posterior hippocampus encodes the memories of specific objects and their location in a particular context. Anterior hippocampus participates in memory formation that strongly differentiates between contexts. Such contextual memories from the anterior hippocampus are passed on to the prefrontal cortex, which subsequently facilitates the retrieval of specific object-related memories through perirhinal and lateral entorhinal cortex.

The limbic circuit of cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and diencephalon describes the pathways of instance guided object learning (IGOL) that needs the projection of zeid factors. It is similar to Papez Circuit that conducts the functions of zeid factor for aversion or appreciation. Papez Circuit is also true to generate the zeid factors of knowledge transfer dealing with aversion or approval for the projections of amygdala.

Teaching system gives only conventional learning that isn’t efficient for book to brain fast transfer. Cyclozeid of knowledge transfer is launched in the amygdala system of brain and learnograph is generated in hippocampal formation. Make brainpage school for knowledge transfer using the dimensions of learnography and change the world with high academic performance.

Home : Learnography

Picture : Sagittal section of brain showing the limbic circuit of cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and diencephalon

Resources :

• Limbic processing of working and learning
• Knowledge transfer and zeid circuit
• Zeid factors of working and learning
• Papez Circuit and emotional processing
• McLean circuit for learning and memory

---

Shiva Narayan Jha
Principal
Golden Star Secondary School
Rajbiraj, Nepal

Advertisements

Why are you giving homework to kids? Home is not school and parents are not teachers

Success of education depends on the teaching theories of school system and so the teacher is everything in classroom performance. School runs on advanced teaching techniques and knowledge transfer is launched to meet the requirements of future workforce. In fact, listening to the teaching performance can’t transfer knowledge to brain successfully, so homework is given to students to practice brainpage at home. We have to change this conventional learning to make smart brainpage of knowledge chapters in school hours. Teaching theory of school system is defective in book to brain knowledge transfer because the working mechanism of brain parts are not involved in the learning process of classroom.

Learning of natural knowledge transfer should be encouraged in classroom to modulate smart brainpage for academic success and future workforce. Brainpage theory of composite motor knowledge is never applied in school system that is necessary for skill development and high order knowledge for research and innovation. Students also need freedom at home and it is the basis for self-directed learning that unlocks much more potential than a stiff curriculum, hard teaching and related homework.

Highlights :

• Teaching theories of education
• Learning mechanism of human brain
• Homework and its importance
• Production of future workforce

Make brainpage school for knowledge transfer and change the world with high academic performance. This is the message of learnography designed for School 2020 to launch book to brain knowledge transfer in classroom. This is the truth of school learnography that the learning focus of students should be on brainpage making process instead of overemphasized teaching performance. I am working on brain learnography in which teaching is not necessary and homework is not required. Everything will be finished in classroom and children will feel free at home for self-directed learning practice.

All types of knowledge transfer ultimately converted into the motor knowledge of cerebellar learnography

Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) India declared its Class X exam results with an overall pass percentage of 86.70. After a few hours of results published, three students of Class X Board Exams 2018 committed suicide in separate incidents in Delhi. It is said that these students selected the choice of death due to disappointment over performance. Police identified the three students as a 15 years old girl from Ryan International School in Vasant Kunj, a 15 years old boy from M R Vivekananda Model School in Dwarka and a 16 years old girl from the School of Open Learning.

Is exam bringing stress and depression in student’s life? Why is exam result suicidal for students? How can school system stop these harmful activities?

According to police, the girl from Vasant Kunj died after hanging herself from the ceiling fan at her house, while the boy from Dwarka committed suicide by hanging himself from the door frame of the drawing room, using a dupatta belonging to his mother. The third student slashed her wrists and hanged herself from a ceiling fan in her house in Dabri. Parents lost their kids in school system and nation lost its future workforce for research, creativity and innovation.

It is fact that the learning drives of knowledge transfer are acquired from the amygdala system of brain and it may be also suicidal in the state of extreme fear and depression. Teaching is the first dimension of education system but the matrix of questions is the first dimension of evaluation and exams. Quality and question both are synonymous in reality. You can ask simple questions to a person and observe the face reactance of amygdala activation. Question is very powerful to activate the learning mechanism of human brain.

School system must be answerable to justify the suicidal tendencies of young children. These students attended their schools to listen and watch classroom performance for ten years with finished homework. But they couldn’t achieve high success in board exams. Quality of education is evaluated by asking questions from prescribed courses and students have to write answers in fixed time. We know that answer writing is delivered from the modulation of brainpage processing and marks are awarded for right answers.

Amygdala system of brain projects first dimension of knowledge transfer in school performance

Amygdala is known for the functions of fear factors and basic drives. It also triggers learning drives during classroom performance. We know that emotion is the past and future tenses of life but present tense is described in cognition. Amygdala system of brain learnography is the core of knowledge transfer that acts as knowledge processor for the modulation of smart brainpage.

Learnography consists of five learning projections or regions such as basal ganglia, diencephalon, cingulate cortex, hippocampal formation and amygdala. Altogether these subcortical parts take part in the brainpage making process of knowledge transfer and so this subcortical modular set is defined as the amygdala system of brain learnography.

Sensory cortex plays the role of input processor for knowledge transfer and this is the dorsal root of learning mechanism. Motor cortex is the ventral root of knowledge transfer that describes the role of output processor. The association of these two roots provides permanent present tense for the working mechanism of brain. The third part of learning mechanism is temporal cortex which is known as the lateral root of knowledge transfer. It has two processors – memory processor and limbic processor. Memory consolidation presents the life of past tense while emotion processing reflects the pathways of future drives.

Home : Learnography

Picture : Life of happy squirrel

Resources :

• School system for knowledge transfer
• Exams, results, stress and suicidal tendency
• Amygdala system of human brain
• Brainpage and high performance
• Definition of life tenses

---

Shiva Narayan Jha
Principal
Golden Star Secondary School
Rajbiraj, Nepal

Learning mechanism of academic knowledge must be transformed into the working mechanism of motor knowledge

Our children learn mathematics, science, technology and literature in classroom and this is known as the academic knowledge of prescribed courses. Working mechanism of human brain converts academic knowledge into corresponding motor knowledge for the performance of high success in the learning process and grade achievement of school system. In fact, teaching is the performance of cognitive learning and rational thoughts in which academic knowledge is transformed into the motor knowledge of cerebellar learnography. Students have to achieve the motor knowledge of academic chapters to be small teachers and competent in school education.

It’s not a good idea that students don’t get time to practice the motor knowledge of subject matter in classroom. The learning hypothesis of knowledge chapter suggests that subject learning is most effective when practice sessions run in proper environment and movement to replicate target skill level and context for the performance of pencil power. The dimensions of brain learnography are also useful in brainpage making process for the effective learning of targets. The structure of task is defined by the interrogative matrix of questions.

Predefined task is vital in learning process and it may be difficult to understand the writing instances of solution. So, task processing results in the creation of definition spectrum where all relevant information pertaining to task performance is integrated. This representation becomes tightly coupled with increasing experience for brainpage development. As a result, removing or adding a significant source of information after a practice period where it was present or not, does not cause performance to deteriorate. Interestingly, alternating cognitive learning and motor practice can ultimately lead to a great skilled performance.

Learnography is not conventional education but brainpage theory of knowledge transfer

Cerebral cortex is the largest part of brain and it has three distinct regions in learnography – sensory cortex, motor cortex and temporal cortex. Sensory cortex is the main input of learning mechanism considered as the book cortex of knowledge transfer. Motor cortex is the pencil cortex in learning mechanism to generate the outcomes of knowledge transfer. Temporal lobe is the knowledge cortex of learnography that processes and consolidates declarative learning and memory with the spatial definition and localization of functional objects.

Human brain is unique in the development and application of motor knowledge. It is remarkable that motor learning brings a peculiar change in behavior resulting from practice or experience, in the capability of smart brainpage for responding. It often involves improving the smoothness and accuracy of motor knowledge and is obviously necessary for complicated pencil derivatives such as smart learning, writing and working. It is also important for calibrating new motor knowledge in segment breaking process like emotional streams and cognitive parameters for knowledge transfer. Learning mechanism of brain often considers relevant variables that contribute to motor knowledge formation, sensitivity of error detection process and potentials of knowledge transfer.

Although whole brain modulation is required in knowledge transfer, most tasks have a common feature that learning is acquired from brainpage making process. Voice, visual and finger are three dimensional approach to fast learning and high speed brainpage. Reading is speech learnography, while watching is visual learnography. But finger learnography is derived from the writing practice of motor knowledge.

Plant learnography deals with learning mechanism of herbs, shrubs and trees about modification and adaptation

Motor knowledge is relatively permanent in execution, as the capability to respond appropriately is acquired and retained in knowledge transfer. Learning of motor knowledge always reflects in behaviour and thinking during performance. It is true that all forms of knowledge such as emotional, cognitive, rational and academic are finally transformed into motor knowledge for the working mechanism of brain.

Learning mechanism of human brain is significant to the knowledge transfer of school system. The learnographical perspective of cerebral cortex has three distinct units such as book cortex, pencil cortex and knowledge cortex. Posterior to central sulcus is the region of book cortex or sensory cortex in general. The region of motor cortex is localized anterior to the central sulcus of brain called pencil cortex. Temporal lobe is the region of knowledge cortex that lies inferior to lateral sulcus. These are the main parts of cerebral cortex which take part in the modulation of knowledge transfer. Left temporal lobe provides the neural circuitry of learning school while working school is localized in right temporal lobe.

Cerebellum of the human brain is the miniaturized form of cerebrum. Motor knowledge is produced in the cerebral cortex of brain. While motor knowledge is rehearsed in basal ganglia and precise motor knowledge develops in cerebellar learnography. There are seven basic parts of the brain learnography. Book cortex (1), pencil cortex (2) and knowledge cortex (3) are the regions of cerebral cortex. But association cortex acts as the learnogram of knowledge transfer.

The fourth part of learnography is basal ganglia that act as the cyclozeid of learning mechanism. Diencephalon is the core of brain mechanism and this is the fifth part of learnography considered as the launcher of knowledge transfer. Cerebellum is the sixth part of learning mechanism which is known as the modulator of motor knowledge. The seventh part of learnography is brainstem that is responsible for the survival systems of life.

Home : Learnography

Picture : A boy of about two years’ age rehearsing cerebellar learnography to walk and catch a targeted object

Resources :

• Seven parts of brain learnography
• Development of motor knowledge in school learnography
• Knowledge transfer of school system
• Modulator of knowledge transfer

---

Shiva Narayan Jha
Principal
Golden Star Secondary School
Rajbiraj, Nepal

All types of knowledge transfer ultimately converted into the motor knowledge of cerebellar learnography

Knowledge, understanding, application and higher ability are the four main merits of academic performance. These merits are the modifications of motor knowledge acquired during the academic learning of school courses. It is believed that cognitive ability and rational thoughts develop from the classroom teaching of school system. But the ultimate learning of knowledge chapters is high class motor knowledge that will help to achieve excellence in exams or to get a workplace for good earning job. Learning chapters of mathematics, science, technology and literature all are known as the academic knowledge of students and it should be converted to the motor knowledge of cerebellar learnography for high performance.

Chapters are taught in classroom but quality education is evaluated on the basis of questions asked in exams. Listening of teaching performance can’t transform academic knowledge into the cerebellar motor knowledge of our children to face hard questions with the procedural knowledge of space and time. This is main neurological concept that cognitive, emotional, rational and intuitive chapters are processed and stored separately in the cortical and subcortical parts of brain. But these learning chapters must be converted into the smart brainpage of motor knowledge. We have advanced motor systems in our brain such as motor cortex, basal ganglia and cerebellum.

What parts of human brain are significant to the transformation of academic or cognitive knowledge into corresponding motor knowledge?

Knowledge is motorized in the three parts of brain. Motor cortex of frontal lobe is the first part of brain to translate academic knowledge into motor knowledge. The second part is subcortical basal ganglia where procedural motor knowledge is defined by target, space and navigation. Finally it goes to cerebellum for the modulation of enhanced motor knowledge. Use of tools and fire is a great evidence for the advanced cerebellar learnography of human brain.

This cerebellum of brain is connected with the entire central nervous system through millions of connections. It influences all of our cortical functioning and output. This is the part of hind brain and it has a particular influence on motor functions. Cerebellum receives information about our muscles and joint positions. It also deals with propioceptive information, balance or vestibular information as well as vast connections to and from the cerebral cortex of human brain. This makes cerebellum the coordinator and predictor of cortical output. It is responsible for the sort of quality control and constant error correction.

What is the neurological theme of cerebellar learnography for knowledge transfer?

Cerebellum translates relative motor knowledge into corresponding academic or cognitive knowledge to demonstrate the working mechanism of brain. It also helps us to coordinate our thoughts in much the same way it helps us to coordinate our movements. Knowledge of mathematics, science and technology is transformed into motor knowledge during learning process. Knowledge of machine learning also comes from the enhancement of motor knowledge.

In fact, cerebellar learnography helps to decrease the academic period of knowledge transfer. Learning efficiency also improves by the working mechanism of cerebellar learnography. I have watched many international speakers who deliver the lecture by exhibiting body language and hand gesture. It’s amazing that speaker’s lips speak, fingers speak, eyes speak, face reflects emotional translation and neck muscles describe specific ideas during performance. This is a salient evidence that cerebellum circuit translates motor knowledge into related subject matter to show the learnography of the speaker’s thoughts and ideas.

The cerebellum of brain does not initiate movement but contributes to coordination, precision and accurate timing. It receives input from sensory systems of the spinal cord and from other parts of the brain and integrates these inputs to fine-tuned motor activity. In humans, cerebellum plays an important role in motor control and it may also be involved in some cognitive and rational functions such as attention, prediction and language. Emotion is coordinated in regulating fear and pleasure responses but its movement related functions have been well established because of motor knowledge processing.

How can we increase the learning efficiency of knowledge chapters in classroom performance?

Cerebellum is a structure of hind brain that usually contains about half of the brain’s total neurons. Jonathan was born without cerebellum and he was suffering from many learning disorders. This exceedingly rare condition has left him with a distinctive way of speaking and a walk that is slightly awkward. For the first few years of childhood, the learning milestones of motor knowledge were late and his future looked highly uncertain. Standing up, walking, running and talking all physical abilities were not developed at right time. So Jonathan got special education, speech therapy and also physical therapy. His father even decided some training for walk and managed a sort of beach therapy for Jonathan.

He doesn’t really show initiatives in talking behavior and can’t get into the deeper level of conversation. We know that interactive attitude requires cognitive ability that builds strong connection which is necessary for deep enduring friendships. Once Jonathan faced a great problem when he was driving a car. There was a bus behind him, cars whizzing by and his brain simply couldn’t coordinate all the information. So, he totaled his father’s car and got a reminder of this at a busy intersection soon after he got his driver’s license. It is fact that he was lack of cerebellum and motor knowledge was not translated into rational knowledge to handle the critical situations of road traffic and car driving.

A woman in China was also found that she was born with no cerebellum. She apparently started walking late at age of seven years. She walks unsteadily as an adult and has slurred speech. It’s amazing that she is able to walk and talk at all. She is fully oriented and married with a daughter. There was mild intellectual impairment on her behavior but word comprehension was normal and she had a normal sense of time and place.

How can we decrease the total time of whole educational span for our children?

Fast learning is impossible without cerebellar learnography because brainpage making process might retard in the absence of motor translation. Jonathan and this woman both started walking and talking late by five years. It means that learning efficiency depends on cerebellar learnography. We can also reduce the total academic period of complete education by five years if cerebellar learnography is launched successfully in the classroom. In this way, the learning efficiency of students and total period of school and university education can be managed effectively by enhancing the motor knowledge and brainpage theory of knowledge transfer.

Picture : Sagittal section of human brain showing cerebral cortex, thalamus, brainstem and cerebellum

Home : Learnography

Resources :

• Anatomy of brainstem and cerebellar connections with cerebral cortex
• Transformation of motor knowledge
• Knowledge transfer and cerebellar learnography
• Brain with no cerebellum : Case studies of Jonathan Keleher and Chinese Woman
• Posterior lateral lobes of cerebellum

---

Shiva Narayan Jha
Principal
Golden Star Secondary School
Rajbiraj, Nepal

Learnogram of book to brain knowledge transfer runs in the association areas of cerebral cortex

Why do we ask questions? Which part of our brain involves in asking questions? How is quality learning evaluated in school exams? The interrogation of brain mechanism using these words such as where, what, when, how and why is extensively practiced to know the informative details of facts, events and rational knowledge. We find the knowledge aspect of space, object, time, instance and module (SOTIM) from these interrogative words. In fact, SOTIM describes the working mechanism of our brain in classroom learning as well as at working place. We spend a lot of time in our life to know the happening of surroundings using the techniques of interrogation.

Why is question asking important for learning, working and living?

We know that visual memory is the strongest memory of all in comparison to auditory, touch, taste and smell memories. This is the evolutionary cause of brain anatomical structure. Visual image received from the eyes is processed in the primary visual cortex of brain and then projected to its association areas. Dorsal visual stream goes to parietal region to find the space and instance imaging of where and how questions. In the same way, ventral visual stream travels towards temporal region to know the object imaging of what question. It is remarkable to the working mechanism of brain. The questions of what, where and how are generated and processed in the association cortices of our brain.

What part of brain plays a vital role in knowledge transfer to achieve high academic performance in school system?

Association areas are the parts of cerebral cortex that do not belong to the primary cortical regions of brain. They function to produce meaningful perceptual experience of the world, enable us to interact effectively and support abstract thinking and language. Parietal, temporal and occipital lobes are located in the posterior part of cerebral cortex. They integrate sensory projections and information stored in memory. The association complex of frontal lobe is involved in planning actions, movement and abstract thought.

The cerebral cortex of human brain is divided into sensory, motor and association areas. Sensory areas receive sensory inputs from our sense organs and propio-receptors, while motor areas control the movement of body muscles. Association areas are involved with more complex functions such as learning, decision making and complex movements such as writing. Globally, the association areas of brain are organized as the distributed networks of working mechanism.

The 95% area of cerebral cortex is occupied by association cortices, highly convoluted with furrows and ridges. These structures like furrows and ridges are known as sulci and gyri in neuroscience. Each network of association cortex connects to the areas distributed across the widely spaced regions of cerebral cortex. Distinct networks are positioned adjacent to one another yielding a complex series of interwoven networks. The specific organization of association networks constitutes the mechanism of learnogram for interaction, hierarchical relationship, and transfer of projections between networks. In human beings, association networks are particularly important to launch learnogram for learning functions and knowledge transfer.

A question generates the matrix of knowledge chapter in the learning mechanism of human brain.

Question asking is the sensory inputs of human brain and its information is collected in sense organs for processing and understanding. Parts of the cortex that receive sensory inputs from thalamus are called primary sensory areas. Each of the five senses relates to specific groups of brain cells that categorize and integrate sensory information. The sensory areas of cerebral cortex are the areas of brain that receive and process sensory information.

Cerebral cortex is connected to various subcortical structures such as thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus and basal ganglia. Sensory information is routed to cerebral cortex through the nuclei of thalamus. However, the olfactory information of smell projects to olfactory cortex through the olfactory bulb bypassing thalamus. Cerebral cortex is basically composed of three parts such as sensory, motor and association areas.

Primary motor and sensory cortical areas receive inputs from the regions of thalamus where information is projected from sense organs such as eyes, ears or skin. In contrast, association cortex receives its inputs from the nuclei of thalamus that received their inputs from other regions of the cortex. As a result, the inputs to association cortex have been highly processed, modulated and integrated before they are projected to thalamus.

Association cortices include most of the cerebral surface of human brain and are largely responsible for the complex processing of knowledge transfer. The main function of association cortices is referred to cognitive development that reflects the process of learnogram by which we come to know the objects, facts and events of the world. Cognition is the ability to perceive external stimuli or internal motivation, to identify the significance of such stimuli and to plan meaningful responses to them. Association cortices receive and integrate information from a variety of sources by influencing a broad range of cortical and subcortical targets.

Human brain is unique in the development of gyri and sulci in the association areas of cerebral cortex. The association cortex of human brain is main part to produce the learnogram of knowledge transfer in school learnography. In traditional school system, teaching performance is the conventional method of knowledge transfer. Although human brain has well-developed learnogram of association cortex to make smart brainpage in learning process, our children have to rely on the teaching theories of subject chapters for knowledge transfer.

Most of the time is spent on teaching activities in school system and students don’t get time to modulate the essential brainpage of subject matter. Transformation of knowledge is necessary in the learning process of classroom. All types of knowledge such as rational, emotional, cognitive, academic as well as intuitive are finally converted into motor knowledge to write and enhance the brainpage of cerebellar learnography. The translation of motor knowledge is reciprocal in executive functions and it is projected back to emotional, cognitive, academic and intuitive knowledge if found necessary in the learnogram of association areas.

Home : Learnography

Picture : cerebral cortex of human brain showing frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes

Resources :

• Association areas of cerebral cortex
• Functions of zeidstream in basal ganglia
• Matrix and spectrum of knowledge chapter
• Dorsal and ventral streams of visual cortex
• SOTIM Factors and Workplace Processing

---

Shiva Narayan Jha
Principal
Golden Star Secondary School
Rajbiraj, Nepal

Cyclozeid of knowledge transfer launched in the basal ganglia of human brain

Knowledge transfer is vital in school system and parents send their children to school for learning, memory and behavioral changes. Knowledge is transferred from book to brain and it is accomplished by the learnography of brain regions. Deep learning is localized to the subcortical parts of brain in which basal ganglia are crucial to the processing of emotional knowledge, cognitive knowledge and motor knowledge. In school education, teaching performance is the dark aspect of learning system in which the working circuits of basal ganglia are never applied in classroom for book to brain knowledge transfer.

Cyclozeid is learning machine and it is launched by subthalamic nucleus and processed in basal ganglia. These three types of knowledge are converged, filtered and refined into the composite zeidgraph of behavioral motor output.

Deep in the forebrain is a group of nuclei that integrates all cortical activities into one behavioral output. These are the basal ganglia of subcortical brain. These deep nuclei are interconnected with each other and with all areas of central nervous system. A series of parallel circuits regulates the different aspects of learning, memory and behaviour.

Three basic loops of basal ganglia :

• Limbic loop (Emotional knowledge)
• Cognitive loop (Rational knowledge)
• Motor loop (Finger knowledge)

One circuit of basal ganglia primarily regulates the emotional aspect of knowledge transfer. Another circuit plays a major role in learning and cognition. Finally, a third circuit is involved in the integration of motor knowledge output.

Learnography of knowledge chapters always reflects the reactance of learning, understanding and memory by the expression of postures, body language and specific tone of voice. The sum of all experiences, hours of practice, memory, emotions, reward seeking and the plan for a particular knowledge transfer are integrated, resulting in motor finger mapping output due to coordinated activity within the basal ganglia of brain. These structures work together to influence the learning, writing and working aspects of human behavior.

In limbic circuit, hippocampus, amygdala and limbic lobe are linked to the caudate nucleus of basal ganglia. Then projection goes to nucleus accumbens and with dopaminergic connections reaches the thalamus of diencephalon through direct and indirect pathways. Here it is analyzed that which zeidstream of projections is facilitated or inhibited in limbic circuit. Thalamus again sends this projection back to the limbic areas of cortex. This circuit adds emotional component to the behavior and learnogram of cortical output from cognitive activities to motor performance.

In cognitive circuit, the afferent nerves from various cortical areas reach the caudate nucleus of basal ganglia and in particular nucleus accumbens which contains reward affirming dopaminergic connections. These connections provide the reward feeling of knowledge transfer following the successful completion of task formatting. From nucleus accumbens and caudate, zeid projections reach the thalamus of diencephalon through direct and indirect pathways. In turn, the thalamus projects zeidstream back to the cortical areas of brain. This circuit of cognitive loop is considered as a consulting service that streamlines cognitive and associative processes by separating the solver of successful transfer from wrong solutions during brainpage making process. In fact, learning from mistakes is conducted in the cognitive loop of basal ganglia.

Examination is the evaluation of motor knowledge. Blackboard performance is the presentation of motor knowledge. In school learnography, the rehearsal of brainpage making process returns the development of motor knowledge.

In motor circuit, afferent nerves from the motor and sensory areas of cerebral cortex reach the putamen of basal ganglia. Here, the zeidstream of finger mapping information is processed for knowledge transfer. All movements that are part of the integrated plan are facilitated through direct pathway and all competing movements are inhibited through indirect pathway. The zeidstream of motor circuit that reaches thalamus is a balanced neural stream of these pathways. Thalamus is the core part of diencephalon and it sends zeid projections back to motor cortex and prefrontal cortex resulting in measured and coordinated behavioral output. This is known as the motor loop of subcortical cyclozeid running in basal ganglia.

Zeidstream is defined as the learning stream of brain. It regulates the neural stream of knowledge transfer running in the limbic, cognitive and motor circuits of basal ganglia.

Limbic circuit links basal ganglia to the subcortical areas of brain that process the emotional activities of brainpage module. Posture, gesture and expression related to different emotions are mediated by the zeidstream of limbic circuit to show the responses of understanding and feeling. We can rationalize the amygdala system of of brain though the practice of brainpage theory. The motor expression of emotions is evident in knowledge transfer.

Training circuit of basal ganglia is needed in the brainpage modulation of knowledge chapters. Cognitive or association loop is particularly important for higher cortical functions and motor learning. There may be different possibilities to learn a chapter in classroom. Rehearsing is a good way to select proper methods for predefined target. So, we have to try out different strategies such as matrix, spectrum, task formator and learning compass for accomplishing the smart brainpage of knowledge transfer.

Once we refine learning by rehearsing our brainpage, the activities in cognitive loop will decrease and motor loop will take over to enhance the quality of knowledge transfer. We know that cognitive loop remains active in the hours of training and rehearsing. Brainpage making process is the training of knowledge transfer to achieve high academic performance in school system. Therefore, the cognitive loop is the training or rehearsing loop of basal ganglia for the development of smart brainpage.

The goal of knowledge transfer is that it would be fluid, efficient and target query oriented while learning and writing solutions in classroom. Motor association and sensory cortices project their input to basal ganglia, essentially asking them to make a decision of whether or not to execute this modulation. Then the plan of brainpage making process is streamlined for better performance. One pathway of basal ganglia can facilitate goal oriented modulation, while another one will suppress all competing movements. This results in the motor output of knowledge transfer that is sleek and appears effortless in learning, understanding and working.

Seven dimensions of learnography are effective in brainpage theory of book to brain knowledge transfer.

The high speed zeidstream of motor loop is active primarily when a task has been well learned together with the association areas of cortex. It helps to put together a routine of chapter learning for established motor output of knowledge transfer. This is the circuit that is active in the students of smart brainpage to perform a well rehearsed fluid chapter.

Putamen and globus pallidus are located underneath the insula of subcortical region. The putamen together with caudate nucleus is called striatum and this is the main input of basal ganglia. Behind these nuclei, the fibers of corona radiata are converged to form internal capsule. There are two additional structures such as substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus that play an important role in the circuitry of basal ganglia.

Finally, the zeidgraph of basal ganglia is projected to cerebellum to develop the learnographs of cerebellar knowledge transfer and improve the efficiency of learning mechanism.

Substantia nigra is located in the cerebral peduncles of mid-brain. It contains dopaminergic neurons which project to putamen and caudate nucleus to influence motor output. Additionally, dopamine released from substantia nigra facilitates cortical output and feelings of reward. Subthalamic nucleus is located inferior to thalamus laterally. The output rhythm of basal ganglia circuitry is defined by the functions of subthalamic nucleus, related to the functions of cyclozeid.

Basal ganglia collectively describe a group of nuclei in the subcortical region of brain that are located deep beneath the cerebral cortex. The main functional components of basal ganglia are striatum, globus pallidus, ventral pallidum, substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus. Dorsal striatum contains putamen and caudate nucleus while ventral striatum is formed by nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle.

Basal ganglia are specialized in processing information on brainpage modulation and in fine-tuning the activity of brain circuits that determine the best possible response to a given situation. Thus, they play an important role in planning actions that are required to achieve a particular goal, in executing well-practiced habitual actions, and in learning new knowledge in classroom situations.

Home : Learnography

Picture : Corona section of human brain showing lateral ventricles, thalamus, internal capsule and basal ganglia

Resources :

• Subcortical region of brain and cyclozeid localization
• Study of basal ganglia – Wikipedia
• Dr Claudia Krebs : UBC Video, Three major circuits of basal ganglia
• Role of substantia nigra in learning mechanism
• Basal ganglia and school learnography

---

Shiva Narayan Jha
Principal
Golden Star Secondary School
Rajbiraj, Nepal

Plant learnography deals with learning mechanism of herbs, shrubs and trees about modification and adaptation

Plants and animals are the two basic kingdoms of living things. Animals show learning behaviour in their surroundings and survive with proper food and shelter. Learning mechanism is found advanced in higher vertebrates and they have specific organ called brain for learning, thinking and working. Plants do not have such specialized part like brain but they also learn about nutrients, pollination, temperature, light and other necessary things in the environment.

We can observe plant succession in barren land or meadow that small grass appears first on the surface of soil during rainy season. Many insects such as ants and grasshoppers make houses in the ecosystem of grassland. After some years, shrubs and trees grow to create the environment of forest ecosystem. Plants know the objects and factors of surroundings to maintain the life processes of growth and multiplication. The learning mechanism of these herbs, shrubs and trees is known as plant learnography.

It is amazing that mango trees in tropical region detect the arrival of spring season and produce the panicles of flowers for pollination and fruits. The tree collects information about the factors of environment to decide more or less flowers on the branches. Plants use this information to update their behaviour in order to survive present and future challenges of their environment. The panicles of flowers reflect beautiful and attractive views to the nature and pleasant fragrance is spread in atmosphere with charming sensations.

Mango trees are intelligent to detect the fear factors of survival. Branches are cut down after fruiting seasons to produce more new buds for next season. They respond very well to the pruning of old branches. Terminal flowers are grown at the tip of a branch, so more branches have the chance of better fruits for the purpose of survival and seed dispersal. Farmers usually encourage the lateral branching of mango trees with tip pruning.

Mango tree is well-known for sweet and tasty fruits, usually yellow color in ripening stage. Mangifera indica is the botanical name of mango plant. It is a tropical evergreen tree characterized by wide, dense crown of leaves, fragrant flowers and large thick-skinned fruits. There are many varieties of mango fruits that are loved and eaten throughout the world for their aromatic sweet taste.

Plants do not have a brain or neuronal network, but reactions within signalling pathways may provide a biochemical basis for learning and memory in addition to computation and problem solving. Once I watched the instance of fear factor in forest ecosystem when I was working in the hilly region. The large part of forest was destroyed by fire during dry season but small part was not touched by the fire. During rainy season, plants produced more and dense deep green branches and other new plants in the large part that was destroyed by the fire. The small part of land which was intact in forest fire had poor vegetation like small grasses and the unhealthy branches of shrubs and trees.

Many plants exhibit certain phenomena at specific times of the day. For example, certain flowers open only in the morning and plants keep track of the time of day with circadian clock. This internal clock is set to solar time every day using sunlight, temperature and other factors, similar to the biological clock of other organisms. Internal clock coupled with the ability to perceive light also allows plants to measure the time of day and so find the season of year.

Plants have many strategies to fight off pests. They can produce different toxins against invaders or they can induce rapid cell death in invading cells to hinder the pests from spreading out. Some plants are capable of rapid movement for survival mechanism. Mimosa plant makes its thin leaves point down at the slightest touch known as Lajjawanti plant in rural areas. Venus flytrap is a carnivorous plant that snaps shut its trap by the touch of insects.

I observed an amazing fact in the plants of mimosa pudica while I was reading in primary level. I touched one plant with a stick several times but it refused to shrink leaves downward after 30 minutes. It shows that the plant can avoid the detection of fear system in repetitive cases. In the Chure Hills of Nepal, cowboys take help from the circadian rhythms of Tapre plant to know the time of early evening on cloudy day. At the time of sunset, the leaves of Tapre begin to shrink down and cowboys know the time to depart with livestock for home.

Senses and responses to the environment are coordinating to adjust plant’s morphology, physiology and phenotype accordingly. Wounded tomatoes are known to produce volatile odour as an alarm signal. Neighbouring tomato plants can detect those signals and prepare for the attack by producing chemicals that defend against insects or attract predators. Other disciplines such as plant physiology, ecology and molecular biology are used to assess this ability. Plants react to chemicals, gravity, light, moisture, infections, temperature, concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide, parasite infestation, disease, physical disruption, sound and touch.

Plants are able to register learning and memories from their past experiences. They respond to environmental stimuli by movement and changes in morphology. In addition, plant physiology accurately computes unfavorable circumstances, uses sophisticated analysis of survival factors and takes tightly controlled actions to mitigate and control diverse environmental stressors. Plants are also capable of discriminating positive and negative experiences to face the challenges of adverse effects.

Adult human brain weighs approximately one and half kilograms making up less than 2% of the person’s body weight. Our humanity is defined in the working mechanism of brain. We know that brain is the rider of physical body and it decides everything what we are. The brain is responsible for the generation of language and thought. Anatomical and functional regions of brain are arranged in order to fit into human skull. These regions have become highly folded to accommodate the massive number of neurons and synaptic connections.

It is fact that attention, consciousness, memory and imagination are generated by the anatomical regions of our brain. Its surface is high folded to increase the working areas of gray matter. This results in the creation of gyri or ridges and sulci or furrows. If we were to unfold the entire human brain, it would take up approximately one square meter. Perhaps the most impressive feature of the brain is the amount of synaptic connections formed between neurons. This is the basis of modern school system in which the neuroplasticity of synaptic connections is encouraged to create the learnography of knowledge modulation.

There are estimated 86 billion neurons in the brain. Each of which forms an average of 7000 synaptic connections with other neurons resulting in between 100 and 500 trillion synapses within the brain in an attempt to conceive the enormity of this system. The number of neurons in the human brain has been equated to the number of stars in the galaxy milky-way. Working mechanism of brain is essential to the brain learnography of knowledge chapters. It’s true that the development of smart brainpage is the high success of academic performance. For the advancement of brainpage theory, we have to understand modular structures in the anatomical and functional regions of human brain.

Teaching theories of education

Resources :

• Flowering season of mango trees
• Mimosa pudica, Wikipedia
• Dr Claudia Krebs, UBC – Introduction to central nervous system
• Plant learning and memory
• Environmental factors and plant learnography

---

Shiva Narayan Jha
Principal
Golden Star Secondary School
Rajbiraj, Nepal