Brain science of space and memory is crucial to the effective knowledge transfer of human learnography

Memory of the brain drives our thoughts from the past to the future. If the memory is fully lost, the patient will have to live in the permanent present tense. It has been discovered from the case study of Henry Molaison. We may forget something after two months or two years but we will be able to remember that thing when we see particular location of the place. It means our memory is related to the space defined. We know that memory is the faculty of the brain by which information is encoded, stored and retrieved with space definition when it is required in knowledge transfer.

Students can achieve the ability of high speed learning in brainpage making process. Memory of the brainpage is vital to experiences. This is the retention of information over time for the purpose of influencing future action. If we could not remember past events, we could not make our future and we could not learn any language or develop relationships and personal identity. Therefore, our future will be uncertain in the building course of life without the memory of past events.

Deep inside the medial temporal lobe is the region of brain known as limbic system. This subcortical region is important for emotion, learning and memory which includes hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus, thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and mammillary body. These brain parts process the knowledge transfer and relevant information for learning and memory.

Why is the hippocampus of human brain important for learning and memory?

The hippocampus of limbic system is also famous for mapping locations in spatially organized environments. Hippocampal networks with prefrontal cortex also map active moments in temporally organized experiences. Space definition and time are integrated in the modulation of memories. The brain pathways for spatial and temporal cognition involve overlapping and interacting systems that converge on the hippocampal region for memory formation.

All of the pieces of information decoded in the various sensory areas of the cortex converge in the hippocampus, which then sends them back where they came from. The hippocampus is a bit like a sorting centre where these new sensations are compared with previously recorded ones. The hippocampus also creates associations among an object’s various properties.

When we remember new facts and objects by repeating them or by employing various mnemonic devices, we are actually passing them through hippocampus several times. The hippocampus keeps strengthening the associations among these new elements until, after a while, it no longer needs to do so. The cortical areas of brain have to associate these various properties itself to reconstruct what we call a memory.

Hippocampus is a very old part of cortex, evolutionarily, and is located in the inner fold of temporal lobe. Information is transferred from short-term memory or working memory to long-term memory through the hippocampus. There are many times when we need to keep some piece of information in our head for just a few seconds. Maybe it is a number that we are carrying over to do a subtraction or a persuasive argument that we are going to make as soon as the other person finishes talking. Either way, we are using our short-term memory.

The region of prefrontal cortex, at the very front of the brain, is highly developed in humans. It is the reason that we have such high, upright foreheads, compared with the receding foreheads of other primates. Hence it is no surprise that the part of the brain that seems most active during one of the most human of activities is located precisely in this prefrontal region that is well developed only in human beings.

Hippocampus, a brain region that plays a key role in learning and short-term memory. It also contains place cells, which encode specific location, direction and pathways. It has been observed that hippocampal neurons may also respond to time which could provide information on the coding of episodic memories.

Space and memory are the building blocks of knowledge transfer. Memory travels in learning space, and so knowledge transfer is conducted with locations and space definition to use motor knowledge in high speed learning and memory formation. The space definition of association is hidden in human memory to navigate through the matrix, spectrum, formatting, segments, compass, module and intuitive ideas of progressive knowledge transfer. In fact, memory travels in space for navigation, exploration and finally learning transfer by applying the motor knowledge of brain circuits.

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Shiva Narayan
Principal
Golden Star Secondary School
Rajbiraj, Nepal

Learning from small teacher is more effective than the knowledge transfer from big teacher

Toddlers are mostly restless in behavior and always engaged in walking, jumping, running, playing and talking. This is the cerebellar learnography of knowledge transfer and it can shape children what they will become later in future life. The learning mechanism of toddler’s brain is found very active in knowledge transfer from the elders, actions and objects of the surroundings. Growing up with a brother or sisters may actually have an impact on children’s mental and physical health.

Highlights :

• Learning is crucial at any point in our life and it is important to keep learning and seeking.
• Small teachers may be significant to the knowledge transfer of classroom system.
• Older people living with siblings have a higher sense of the morale to contribute in knowledge transfer.
• The small teacher may be a good big brother or sister to the younger siblings by supporting them to reduce hardships in learning transfer.

Nitika is a small teacher for her loving younger brother Satyam. In fact, living is learning and learning is living. Hence, living and learning are reciprocal in knowledge transfer running through the whole life.

Satyam is a toddler below three years age and Nitika is his elder sister below six years age. Satyam is always imitating Nitika’s actions to repeat and learn in actual living. One morning, Satyam said to me, “What are you doing, Grandpa? Where is your smartphone? I was amazed at listening to these questions because Nitika asked me such questions. Then he added that he would like to watch The White Elephant of Motu Patlu Serial. In real life, Satyam copied and learnt these questions and actions from his elder sister Nitika.

Matrix of the questions is the first dimension of knowledge transfer.

Sibling bond in the family means a lifetime of emotional support, a close friendship and an endless number of joyful moments. That is why it should come as no surprise that holding onto a tight relationship with brothers and sisters can lead to happiness later in life. Older people living with the siblings have a higher sense of the morale in knowledge transfer. So the bonding with brothers, sisters and grandparents isn’t only important as we grow and mature, but may also bring major benefits later in the toddler’s life. The older sibling is considered as the small teacher because younger siblings do notice each movement seriously and they are very likely to copy language, behaviors and activities.

Mirror neurons in the toddler’s brain are very active to imitate the behaviors and activities of elder brothers and sisters for learning transfer. These neurons are located in the ventral part of frontal cortex of brain. Another neuroscientist found these mirror neurons in the somato-sensory cortex of parietal lobe. In my opinion, these neurons are also located in all the inputs of sensory cortex and the striatum of basal ganglia. Because these brain regions are related to the learning transfer of skill, knowledge and merit.

Siblings may be the single most important influence on children. Being a good big brother or sister as a small teacher can make a big difference to younger siblings. Though parents can act as moderators in the family, the relationship between siblings is also a key aspect of development into a responsible and successful person in the world. The small teacher may be a good big brother or sister to the younger siblings by supporting them to reduce hardships, doing essential things for them and setting a good example as role model to make the proper brainpage of imitation in knowledge transfer.

Miniature school is the teamwork design of small teachers to launch book to brain knowledge transfer (BBKT) in classroom learnography. The practice of learning transfer starts on time through brainpage making process and classroom learning operation does not wait for the teacher’s arrival. It’s amazing that the leadership (student) of miniature school conducts the knowledge transfer in classroom and the teacher acts as a moderator to support them in brainpage making process. In classroom, brainpage theory is necessary for students to make the smart modules of knowledge transfer in school hours instead of listening to teaching performance.

Mistakes are the necessary steps of brain cognitive mapping in the learning process. Once the mistakes have served their purpose in learning transfer to find right pathways, they should be forgotten and not repeated. After learning about what they go through to be able to do this, it’s not even cool anymore in knowledge transfer. Short topic video or podcast may be a powerful educational tool, especially for children in brainpage making process and corresponding knowledge transfer. So how can we place mistake effects in young people’s learning experiences to contribute the smart brainpage of classroom knowledge transfer.

Great pedagogy is the backbone of modern education that deals about taking two dimensional theory of classroom knowledge transfer such as teaching and learning. But the third dimension of learning mechanism is very powerful to provide chapter brainpage in learning process. It is about creating methods and experiences that allow learning to leap off the page and come alive in high performing classrooms.

Never stop learning ! Never stop brainpage making process in knowledge transfer.

It is fact that knowledge transfer follows the learning dimensions of brain circuits. Whole knowledge is written and built in structures, but it is not learned in brain with whole formatting structure. Learning transfer always happens in pieces, module or segments.

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We are always putting the pieces together to construct the whole structure of learning process. Therefore, how we connect the pieces together in classroom planning, miniature school, teamwork performance and the learning transfer of our students. Stress at home will almost always impact learning at school. We know this from our own experience as adults. Think how much harder it is for kids to handle in knowledge transfer. Start learning the ways of the leader and the innovator. Their craft is based on making knowledge transfer better in school system.

Small teachers may be significant to the knowledge transfer of classroom system. Younger brother learns many things from the elder sister while walking, running and playing in the surrounding environment. Here, the sister acts as a small teacher for her toddler brother in real life situations. Neuroplasticity is the capacity of human brain to continue to grow and change with experience and learning throughout the whole life. Learning is crucial at any point in our life and it is important to keep learning and seeking, no matter what the age is coming. But neuroscientists suggest that human brain begins to shrink at old age. It is believed that the brain stops growing and wears out with age like the other parts of our body.

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Pictures : Featured image and other images showing Satyam and his elder sister Nitika

Resources :

1. The toddler’s behavior, cerebellar learnography and learning attitudes
2. Neuroplasticity as physical changes in the brain regions
3. Brain shrinkage and the problems of old age
4. Contribution of the small teachers in the knowledge transfer of classroom
5. Imitation of the mirror neurons in learning transfer and required skill development

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Shiva Narayan Jha
Principal
Golden Star Secondary School
Rajbiraj, Nepal

Learning is knowledge transfer for students but teaching is knowledge transfer for teachers

Educational teaching transfers knowledge to teacher’s brain but knowledge transfer is projected to process required brainpage in student’s brain. Education is based mainly on the teaching theories of classroom in which the teacher applies motor knowledge for classroom performance. Therefore, knowledge is transferred to teacher’s working brain. But it doesn’t happen in the listening brain of students. We know that learnography is the brainpage theory of direct school. It is based on the architecture of book to brain knowledge transfer in which students applies motor knowledge for the learning transfer of classroom system.

Highlights :

• To explore the objects of learning chapters for better understanding
• Teachers make their own brainpage in classroom performance
• In classroom, knowledge is not transferred to student’s brain

Learning explorer is the first dimension of knowledge transfer based on the working mechanism of human brain. It navigates the space, objects and modules of subject matter in brainpage making process. In fact, knowledge explorer develops in the parietal cortex of brain from the integration of sensory inputs. In classroom, question asking generates a standard explorer of knowledge transfer in the learning mechanism of brain to initiate brain learnography involving with student’s active participation.

Motor knowledge decides the efficiency of learning mechanism to achieve high success in education. It’s true that learning is knowledge transfer but the motor circuit of teacher’s brain becomes active to perform high class teaching in classroom. School system must be efficient and productive to provide effective learning and knowledge transfer in classroom. The teacher is everything in the system, so teaching is provided for the understanding and learning of subject matter. We have to appreciate that academic learning is knowledge transfer for students but class teaching is knowledge transfer for the teachers.

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We know that neuroscience deals with the anatomical structure, neurological localization and physiological functions of brain parts. It also deals with learnography of the knowledge transfer. Therefore, classroom system must be based on the working mechanism of human brain to conduct learning transfer for the students of institution. The teacher can moderate the hardships of knowledge transfer in classroom learnography to make modular brainpage for high academic performance.

Listening to the stories is carried out to make stories in life. Students have to explore the objects, facts and events to develop smart brainpage in knowledge transfer. It does not happen in modern education because high class motivational instruction runs in classroom for quality teaching. It is fact that the teacher explores the space, objects, facts, orders, instances and modules of subject matter in classroom system, not the students. That is why book to brain knowledge transfer (BBKT) is focused in learnography.

Neuroscience: Hippocampus belongs to the limbic system of brain and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory. Posterior hippocampus processes spatial memory that enables navigation to explore the objects of knowledge in the cognitive map of learning transfer.

The hippocampus is a small organ located within the medial temporal lobe of brain. It forms an important part of the limbic system, the brain region that regulates emotions and drives. The hippocampus is associated mainly with declarative memory, in particular long-term memory. The organ also plays an important role in spatial navigation. The role of prefrontal cortex and hippocampus is crucial in learning transfer and storing information in memories. This brainpage of memory modules refers to the pathways of space to describe knowledge transfer in the form of cognitive maps.

LEARNING IS KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER.

We know that student’s brain learning is knowledge transfer in school system and memory formation is crucial to solve and answer the questions in exams. Memories for the brainpage modules are retrieved in the brain circuits of knowledge transfer by exploring space, objects, time, instance, module, order and formatting (SOTIMOF) of subject matter. Brainpage theory is necessary for the students to make the smart modules of knowledge transfer in school hours instead of focused listening to the teaching performance.

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Pictures : Featured image and other images from the Pexels showing the application of motor knowledge in learning and working

Resources :

1. Motor knowledge is exercised in classroom teaching
2. Knowledge transfer requires motor knowledge to produce long-term memory potentiation
3. Space navigation is essential for knowledge explorer in the learning process of classroom

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Shiva Narayan Jha
Principal
Golden Star Secondary School
Rajbiraj, Nepal

Most amazing part of human evolution is the cerebellar learnography of knowledge transfer

In humans, the cerebellum of brain plays an important role in motor learning and movement control. It may also be involved in some cognitive or executive functions such as attention, language and finger mapping as well as in regulating fear and pleasure responses. But its movement or motor-coordination related functions are the most solidly established in the research work of neuroscience.

Anatomically, cerebellum is attached to the brainstem and it performs a number of motor, cognitive and limbic functions in collaboration with the different parts of cerebral cortex. Unconscious knowledge learning transfer occurs in cerebellar internal module that leads to enhanced executive control in working memory, thought coordination, outcome predictions and scientific discovery.

The cerebellum of human brain does not initiate movement but contributes to coordination, precision and accurate timing. It receives input from the sensory systems of spinal cord and from other parts of the brain, and integrates these inputs to fine-tune motor activity. Cerebellar damage produces many types of disorders in fine movement, equilibrium, body posture and motor learning that can badly affect the conditions of working, learning and earning.

Several theoretical models have been developed to explain sensorimotor calibration in terms of synaptic plasticity within the different parts of cerebellum. In addition to its direct role in motor control, the cerebellum is necessary for several types of motor learning, most notably precise learning to adjust to the changes in sensorimotor relationships of the motor knowledge. This is basis to develop smart brainpage for book to brain knowledge transfer in school system.

The cerebellum is located in the posterior cranial fossa of human skull. The fourth ventricle, pons and medulla of brainstem are in front of the cerebellum. It is separated from the overlying cerebrum by a layer of leathery dura mater, known as tentorium cerebelli. All of its connections with other parts of brain travel through the pons of brainstem. Anatomists classify cerebellum as part of the metencephalon, which also includes the pons. From the evolutionary point of view, metencephalon is the upper part of the rhombencephalon or hindbrain.

Like the cerebral cortex, cerebellum is also divided into two hemispheres and it also contains a narrow midline zone known as the vermis. By conventional approach, a set of large folds is used to divide the overall structure into ten smaller lobules. Because of its large number of tiny granule cells, the cerebellum contains more neurons than the total from the rest of the brain. But it takes up only 10% of the total brain volume.

The number of neurons in cerebellum is related to the number of neurons in the neocortex of brain. There are about 3.6 times as many neurons in the cerebellum as in the neocortex. This ratio of specific neurons is conserved across many different mammalian species. That is why mammalians are more intelligent in motor knowledge than other species of the animals. It is important fact that cerebellar learnography can reduce the time span of educational years to finish the particular course or academic level of education.

The cerebellum is important for motor learning. It plays a major role in adapting and fine-tuning motor programs to make accurate movements through the trial-and-error process like learning to hit baseball. Although cerebellum is most understood in terms of its contributions to motor control, it is also involved in certain cognitive functions, such as language and thought enhancement. Thus, like the basal ganglia, the cerebellum is historically considered as part of the motor system, but its functions extend beyond motor control in ways that are well understood in fast learning and greater contributions in the advancement of science and technology.

The knowledge transfer of space, object, time, instance and module (SOTIM) is enhanced in the cerebellar learnography of human brain.

Logic circuit of knowledge transfer is located in the prefrontal cortex of human brain

Logical reasoning is considered as the rational learning of knowledge transfer. This is the process of using the rational and systematic series of steps based on given statements and sound mathematical procedures to arrive at a conclusion. We know that learning is the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, behaviors, values or preferences that may be in new, modifying or existing form. The ability to learn is possessed by the neural circuits of human brain. Some learning is immediate, induced by a single event, but much skill and knowledge are accumulated from repeated actions and experiences. The changes induced by learning transfer in brain circuits often last a lifetime for working and living.

Analytical reasoning refers to the ability to look at information. It may be qualitative or quantitative in nature and discern patterns within the information. Analytical reasoning involves deductive reasoning with no specialised knowledge, such as comprehending the basic structure of a set of relationships, recognizing logically equivalent statements and inferring what could be true or must be true from given facts and rules. The steps of analytical reasoning are axiomatic in facts that its truth is self-evident.

Logical reasoning is also utilized in machine learning to design the logic circuits of a device. In electronics, a logic gate is an idealized or physical device implementing a Boolean function. Logic gate performs a logical operation on one or more binary inputs and produces a single binary output. Depending on the context, the term may refer to an ideal logic gate, one that has for instance zero rise time and unlimited fan out or it may refer to a non-ideal physical device.

Logic gates are primarily implemented using diodes or transistors acting as electronic switches, but can also be constructed using vacuum tubes, electromagnetic relays, fluidic logic, pneumatic logic, optics, molecules or even mechanical elements. With amplification, logic gates can be cascaded in the same way that Boolean functions can be composed. Logic circuits allows the construction of a physical model of all Boolean logic and therefore, all of the algorithms and mathematics that can be described with Boolean logic.

Learning transfer is crucial in school system and it is processed by the learning mechanism of brain circuits. We know that the logic circuit of knowledge transfer is located in the prefrontal cortex of brain. It is believed that there is an integral link of a person’s will to live and personality with the functions of prefrontal cortex. This brain region has been implicated in the planning of complex cognitive behavior, personality expression, decision making, and moderating social behavior. The basic activity of this brain region is considered to be the orchestration of thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals.

The most typical psychological term for the functions carried out by prefrontal cortex area is executive function. It relates to abilities to differentiate among conflicting thoughts, determine good and bad, better and best, and same and different. In the same way, future consequences of the current activities, working toward a defined goal, prediction of outcomes and expectation based on actions are dealt by the executive functions of prefrontal cortex. It also maintains social control in which a person has the ability to suppress urges that, if not suppressed, could lead to socially unacceptable outcomes.

The volume of gray matter increases in the prefrontal cortex of student’s brain from the knowledge transfer of classroom. This brain region handles the cognitive control of actions in which the active maintenance of patterns is projected towards predefined goals and cognitive function is executed to achieve them. They provide bias signals to other brain structures whose net effect is to guide the flow of activity along neural pathways that establish proper mappings between inputs, internal states, and outputs required to perform a given task.

The function of prefrontal cortex triggers the motor knowledge of actions in goal oriented task operation. Motor skills may be classified by the general characteristics of defined tasks themselves. Gross motor skills refer to acts in which the larger muscles are commonly involved, while fine motor skills denote the actions of hands and fingers. Most skills incorporate movements of both the larger and the smaller muscle groups. The basketball player uses his larger skeletal muscles to run and jump while drawing on fine motor skills such as accurate finger control when dribbling or shooting the ball. Students need the fine muscles of finger mapping in the learning transfer of school system.

The development of organized patterns of muscular activities is guided by the input signals from surrounding environment. Behavioral examples include driving a car and eye-hand coordination tasks such as sewing, throwing a ball, typing, operating a lathe and playing a trombone. These motor activities are also called sensorimotor and perceptual-motor skills. They are studied as the special topics of motor knowledge in the experimental psychology of human learning and performance. In research concerning psychomotor skills, particular attention is given to the implicit learning of coordinated activity in knowledge transfer involving the mapping of arms, hands and fingers.

School is the place of knowledge transfer and students make brainpage from the lessons of chapter. A child enters school with little knowledge, gets some skills and understanding in written expression and leaves it capable of learning much from human culture. It was thought originally that such progress was just a matter of learning, memorizing, associating and practicing. The work of psychologists has revealed, however, that the growth of the student’s intellectual powers must include a large element of development through different phases, beginning with the motor knowledge of sensorimotor coordination. Hence, the knowledge transfer to student’s brain cannot be accomplished in school system without motor knowledge, brainpage development and gray matter volume growth.

Funnel model of knowledge transfer based on the learnography of brain circuits is the basic design of School 2020

Our students learn chapters in school from the teaching performance of classroom. We know that teaching is everything in education and students have to watch and listen to the teacher for learning, writing and understanding. In fact, the teaching theory of school system is not the scientific system of learning transfer because it does not follow the learning mechanism, cognitive functions and memory formation of brain circuits.

The system of knowledge transfer is crucial to effective learning in the classroom. So we have to encourage book to brain knowledge transfer in the classroom and our students will make brainpage by using the learning dimensions of brain learnography.

We need an effective system of knowledge transfer in school that will provide equal opportunity to both rich and poor students and contribute to the development of the country. We know that learnography is the brainpage theory of knowledge transfer in which teaching process is not necessary in learning and homework is not required to kids. Everything is finished in classroom during school hours.

By providing school learnography, we can remove the poverty and every person in the country will become knowledgeable and successful. They will provide their contribution in the development of their country. Hence we can easily conclude that for the growth of a country, there is necessity of the smart knowledge transfer. We have to change the person’s mind and make the country as developed country.

Brainpage theory of knowledge transfer develops the capabilities to fight the injustice, violence, corruption and other harmful factors. High class schools and smart knowledge transfer develops the status of a nation. In fact, knowledge transfer in school system is not equal to all students. Rich students get more and more knowledge and learnography but poor students will not afford high performing institutions. Nowadays school system has become more costly such that poor parents of the most talented student cannot even think of getting their wards admitted into high class institutes.

System of knowledge transfer is the most important factor considered in the development of a nation. Some people across the world would think that money is an important factor, but it is not a good idea. We know that skill, knowledge and merit can give good workplace for high earning. Learning transfer is the major factor in our life which is acquired from the brainpage theory and direct learning of school learnography. It means that everything is learnt in brain circuits and we can develop smart modular brainpage for working and earning.

If we learn new things and functional knowledge in practice, then we will modulate more and more advanced knowledge in brainpage making process. Without knowledge transfer to brain, we will not explore the new ideas. It means we will not able to develop the better world because without intuitive ideas there is no creativity and without creativity, there is no development, no growth and no prosperity.

Taxshila model of knowledge transfer based on brain circuits is the basic design of School 2020. This is the funnel model of classroom performance in which the five regions of brain can take part in high speed modular knowledge transfer. These brain parts are sensory cortex, motor cortex, basal ganglia, limbic circuit and cerebellum.

Highly experienced maths and science teachers may have large volume of gray matter in the anterior hippocampus of brain

Knowledge transfer goes to the student’s brain in school system, so the volume of gray matter should increase in the learning parts of student’s brain. But it doesn’t happen in the student’s brain from listening to the teaching performance, instead the teacher’s brain grows in the classroom. We know that brain learnography is the improvement of learning experiences in emotional drives, professional skills, knowledge and innovation. It is fact that high class teaching performance of the classroom comes from the well-developed anterior hippocampus of teacher’s brain.

Highlights :

• High cognitive functions and large volume of gray matter in the anterior hippocampus of brain
• Mental disorders and damage to the anterior hippocampus of brain
• Knowledge transfer and brainpage development in the learning process of school system
• Development of science, technology and economy from knowledge transfer to the learning circuits of human brain

Book is the source of knowledge transfer involving in brainpage making process that helps the teacher in the presentation of subject matter. Source page is written in the zeidgraph of object language that is acquired from the brain learnograph of learning transfer. In school system, maths and science teachers may have large volume of the grey matter in the anterior hippocampus of brain to launch intuitive ideas, smart cognitive functions and dynamic blackboard performance (LADBE) during classroom presentation. The growth of gray matter may be observed also in the anterior cingulate cortex and vm-prefrontal cortex of teacher’s brain.

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Medial temporal lobe consists of structures that are vital for declarative or long-term memory. Declarative or explicit memory is conscious memory divided into semantic memory (facts) and episodic memory (events). Medial temporal lobe structures that are critical for long-term memory include the hippocampus, along with the surrounding hippocampal region consisting of perirhinal, parahippocampal and entorhinal regions. The hippocampus of brain is critical for memory formation and the surrounding medial temporal cortex is currently theorized to be critical for memory storage. The prefrontal and visual cortices of brain are also involved in the explicit memory of knowledge transfer.

Henry Gustav Molaison was an American memory disorder patient who had a bilateral medial temporal lobectomy to resect surgically the anterior two thirds of his hippocampi, parahippocampal cortices, entorhinal cortices, piriform cortices and amygdalae in an attempt to cure his epilepsy. Although the surgery of temporal lobectomy was partially successful in controlling the seizures of his epilepsy, a severe side effect was amnesia that he became unable to form new memories in the learning process of knowledge transfer.

Molaison’s case played an important role in the development of learning transfer theories that explain the link between brain functions and memory formation. It also provided basic neurological evidences in the development of cognitive science regarding brain learning, memory and knowledge transfer. Molaison developed severe anterograde amnesia after surgery. Although his working memory and procedural memory were intact, he could not commit new events to his explicit memory of the declarative knowledge. According to some neuroscientists, he was impaired in his ability to form new semantic knowledge, but the researchers argue over the extent of this impairment.

He was also suffering from moderate retrograde amnesia and could not remember most events in one to two years of period before surgery. He was also not able to remember some events up to 11 years before surgery. It means that his amnesia was temporally graded, however, his ability to form long-term procedural memories was intact to use motor knowledge. Thus he could, for example, learn new unconscious motor skills, despite not being able to remember the learning of procedural knowledge.

We know that hippocampus is critical for learning, memory and cognition. It is fact that the anterior hippocampus of brain is significant to knowledge transfer and memory formation. It has an intricate structure with unique cellular morphology and is positioned at the junction between parahippocampal gyrus, amygdala and posterior hippocampus. It has widespread connectivity with cerebral cortex and the damage to anterior hippocampus brings a number of problems in learning, memory and navigation. It is also important that anterior hippocampus has the projections from prefrontal cortex to contribute in the processing of cognitive functions.

We can observe two types of world in our everyday life such as intuitive world and surrounding world. The basal ganglia and insula are the center of intuitive world that we feel in our body. But surrounding world is perceived by the sensory cortex of brain. Learning transfer gives us a knowledge of the world around us and changes its shape and structure into something better usage. Learning develops and brings modification in our thoughts about the perspective of looking at life and its surrounding. It helps us build opinions and have points of view on things in real life situations.

How does education differ from brain learning, information or knowledge? People debate over the subject of school system whether education is the only thing that gives skill, knowledge and merit. Some individuals argue that education is the process of gaining information about the surrounding world while knowledge is something very different like the learning of subject matter. It’s true that information cannot be converted into real knowledge without the education of school system.

Across the world, we observe that some countries are more advanced in science, technology and economy, and others are not developed. The country which is more growing, it means that more educated people are living and working there in comparison to less developed countries. Education is the tool that provides people required skills, knowledge, technique and information and enables them to know their rights and duties towards their family, society and obviously the nation. Thus, education expands the our vision and outlook to see reality of the world.

Learnography is the brain science of reading, writing and making learning modules. Knowledge transfer of the classroom makes us capable of interpreting things, understanding tasks and solving problems in working and learning. It is not just about lessons in the textbooks from which students will know how to answer the questions in the exams. It’s about the lessons of life, career and earning for happy living.

Teaching theory of the school education is mainly based on the instructive concept of cognitive psychology and pedagogy. It is essential to provide education for all, no child left behind and change the world for the advancement of civilized, progressive and prosperous community. Cognitive psychology that aims to understand how the structure and function of human brain relate to specific psychological processes. This is the science that looks at how mental processes are responsible for our cognitive abilities to generate and consolidate new memories, produce language, recognize objects and people, as well as our ability to reasoning and goal oriented tasks solving.

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The classroom performance of maths and science teachers mainly depends on the brainpage modulation of rational thoughts, cognitive knowledge and intuitive ideas based on facts, events and evidences. The brain creates a model of the world around us using cognitive and limbic knowledge. We can use this representation to perceive and comprehend what we see at any space, object, time, instance and module (SOTIM). These cognitive and motor functions such as perception, imagination and recall of scenes and events, all engage the anterior hippocampus of brain for behavioral and academic output. It has been discovered that the high level cognitive functions of maths, science and technology have been projected in the brain circuits by specific substrates of the anterior hippocampus.

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Pictures : Featured image from the Pexels showing classroom performance, other images from the Pexels showing teaching activities and Henry Molaison’s picture

Resources :

1. Surgery, anterograde amnesia and Henry Molaison’s contributions to the development of cognitive science
2. Classroom teaching of maths, science and technology
3. Parahippocampal gyrus, learning transfer and memory formation
4. Effective blackboard performance returns the development of cognitive knowledge and motor skills

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Shiva Narayan Jha
Principal
Golden Star Secondary School
Rajbiraj, Nepal